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''Suillus luteus'' is a bolete fungus, and the type species of the genus ''Suillus''. A common fungus native to Eurasia, from the British Isles to Korea, it has been introduced widely elsewhere, including North and South America, southern Africa, Australia and New Zealand. Commonly referred to as slippery jack or sticky bun in English-speaking countries, its names refer to the brown cap, which is characteristically slimy in wet conditions. The fungus, initially described as ''Boletus luteus'' by Carl Linnaeus in 1753, is now classified in a different family as well as genus. ''Suillus luteus'' is edible, though not as highly regarded as other bolete mushrooms, and is commonly prepared and eaten in soups, stews or fried dishes. The slime coating, however, may cause indigestion if not removed before eating. The fungus grows in coniferous forests in its native range, and pine plantations in countries where it has become naturalized. It forms symbiotic ectomycorrhizal associations with living trees by enveloping the tree's underground roots with sheaths of fungal tissue. The fungus produces spore-bearing fruit bodies, often in large numbers, above ground in summer and autumn. The fruit body cap often has a distinctive conical shape before flattening with age, reaching up to in diameter. Like other boletes, it has tubes extending downward from the underside of the cap, rather than gills; spores escape at maturity through the tube openings, or pores. The pore surface is yellow, and covered by a membranous partial veil when young. The pale stipe, or stem, measures up to 10 cm (4 in) tall and thick and bears small dots near the top. Unlike most other boletes, it bears a distinctive membranous ring that is tinged brown to violet on the underside. ==Taxonomy and naming== The slippery jack was one of the many species first described in 1753 by the "father of taxonomy" Carl Linnaeus, who, in the second volume of his ''Species Plantarum'', gave it the name ''Boletus luteus''.〔 The specific epithet is the Latin adjective ''lūtěus'', meaning "yellow".〔 The fungus was reclassified as (and became the type species of) the genus ''Suillus'' by French naturalist Henri François Anne de Roussel in 1796.〔 ''Suillus'' is an ancient term for fungi, and is derived from ''swine''.〔 In addition to the British Mycological Society approved name "slippery jack",〔 other common names for this bolete include "pine boletus" and "sticky bun"—the latter referring to its resemblance to the identically named dessert.〔 German naturalist August Batsch described ''Boletus volvatus'' (the specific epithet derived from the Latin ''volva'', meaning "sheath", "covering" or "womb"〔) alongside ''B. luteus'' in his 1783 work ''Elenchus Fungorum''. Batsch placed both of these species, along with ''B. bovinus'' and the now obsolete names ''Boletus mutabilis'' and ''B. canus'', in a grouping of similar boletes he called "subordo Suilli".〔 ''Boletus volvatus'' is now considered a synonym of ''Suillus luteus''.〔 Several authors have placed the slippery jack in other genera: Finnish mycologist Petter Karsten classified it as ''Cricunopus luteus'' in 1881—the genus ''Cricinopus'' defined by yellow adnate tubes;〔 Lucien Quélet classified it as ''Viscipellis luteus'' in 1886,〔 and ''Ixocomus luteus'' in 1888; and Paul Christoph Hennings placed it in the section ''Cricinopus'' of the genus ''Boletopsis'' in 1900.〔 In works published before 1987, the slippery jack was written fully as , as the description by Linnaeus had been name sanctioned in 1821 by the "father of mycology", Swedish naturalist Elias Magnus Fries. The starting date for all the mycota had been set by general agreement as 1 January 1821, the date of Fries's work. Furthermore, as Roussel's description of ''Suillus'' predated this as well, the authority for the genus was assigned to British botanist Samuel Frederick Gray in the first volume of his 1821 work ''A Natural Arrangement of British Plants''.〔 The 1987 edition of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature changed the rules on the starting date and primary work for names of fungi, and names can now be considered valid as far back as 1 May 1753, the date of publication of Linnaeus's work.〔 In 1986, a collection of fruit bodies from Sweden was designated as the neotype of ''Suillus luteus''.〔 In their 1964 monograph on North American ''Suillus'' species, Alexander H. Smith and Harry Delbert Thiers classified ''S. luteus'' in the series ''Suilli'' of the section ''Suillus'' in genus ''Suillus''. This group is characterized by the presence of either a ring on the stipe, a partial veil adhering to the cap margin, or a "false veil" not attached to the stipe but initially covering the tube cavity.〔 Species closely related to ''Suillus luteus'' include ''S. pseudobrevipes'' (a sister species), ''S. brevipes'' and ''S. weaverae'' (formerly ''Fuscoboletinus weaverae'').〔 A genetic study of nucleotide DNA reinforced the species' monophyly and low genetic divergence, with material of ''S. luteus'' from the United Kingdom, Austria, Germany and North America forming a clade, in contrast with some other species, such as ''S. granulatus'', which were shown to be polyphyletic.〔 Chemical analysis of pigments and chromogens showed that ''Suillus'' was more closely related to ''Gomphidius'' and ''Rhizopogon'' than to other boletes, and hence ''Suillus luteus'' and its allies were transferred from the Boletaceae to the newly circumscribed family Suillaceae in 1997.〔 Molecular studies have reinforced how distantly related these fungi are from ''Boletus edulis'' and its allies.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Suillus luteus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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